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In combinatorics and in experimental design, a Latin square is an ''n'' × ''n'' array filled with ''n'' different symbols, each occurring exactly once in each row and exactly once in each column. Here is an example: The name "Latin square" was inspired by mathematical papers by Leonhard Euler, who used Latin characters as symbols.〔.〕 Other symbols can be used instead of Latin letters: in the above example, the alphabetic sequence A, B, C can be replaced by the integer sequence 1, 2, 3. == Reduced form == A Latin square is said to be ''reduced'' (also, ''normalized'' or ''in standard form'') if both its first row and its first column are in their natural order. For example, the Latin square above is not reduced because its first column is A, C, B rather than A, B, C. We can make any Latin square reduced by permuting (that is, reordering) the rows and columns. Here switching the above matrix's second and third rows yields the following square: This Latin square is reduced; both its first row and its first column are alphabetically ordered A, B, C. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Latin square」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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